×
Seite auf Deutsch anzeigen

D-76

  • Brand: Kodak
  • Name: D-76
  • Type of chemical: Black and white developer
  • Developer type: Powder

Kodak D-76 is a classic black and white film developer, first introduced in the mid-20th century. Over the years, it has gained a reputation for delivering consistent results with a wide range of black and white films. The D-76 is revered for its excellent tonal gradation and fine grain structure, making it a beloved tool in the hands of countless photographers worldwide.

Components and Functioning

Kodak D-76 is a metol-hydroquinone (MHQ) type developer. It comprises of three primary components: Metol, Hydroquinone, and Sodium Sulfite.

Metol serves as the developing agent that reduces silver halides to metallic silver. It contributes to image detail and sharpness.

Hydroquinone is a superadditive that works alongside Metol to maximize the developer’s speed. It primarily affects shadow details and overall contrast.

Sodium Sulfite acts as a preservative, preventing oxidation and enhancing the lifespan of the developer.

The simultaneous action of these components ensures comprehensive development of the film negatives, with each playing a critical role in achieving the characteristic D-76 look.

Tonal Characteristics and Grain Structure

The Kodak D-76 is known for its ability to deliver a broad tonal range. It provides fine shadow details and distinct mid-tone separations. The high-lights are also well controlled, leading to balanced and pleasing images.

Another aspect where D-76 shines is its management of film grain. It produces negatives with a very fine grain structure, even with high-speed films. While the degree of granularity is influenced by factors like film type, agitation method, and development time, D-76 consistently delivers more refined grains compared to many other developers.

Flexibility

The Kodak D-76’s versatility is another key factor in its widespread popularity. It can be used as both a stock solution or a diluted one (often a 1:1 dilution), with the results varying based on the chosen method.

As a stock solution, D-76 provides optimal sharpness and grain structure, ideal for detailed work where precision is a necessity.

When diluted, the developer exhibits compensating effects. It reduces contrast and controls highlights, resulting in negatives with expanded tonal range. This makes it suitable for high-contrast scenes or when a softer look is desired.

Development times for films

FilmDilutionDeveloper / WaterISOTimeTemperature
Adox CHS 100 IIStock 1006:30 min20°C / 68°F
Adox CHS 100 II1+1 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Adox SilvermaxStock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Agfa APX 100Stock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Agfa APX 1001+1 10013:30 min20°C / 68°F
Agfa APX 400Stock 40012 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 100Stock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 1001+1 10013:30 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 400Stock 40012 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 400 NewStock 4009:30 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 400 New1+1 40014 min20°C / 68°F
AgfaPhoto APX 400 New1+3 40028 min20°C / 68°F
Arista EDU Ultra B&W 100Stock 1006-7 min20°C / 68°F
Arista EDU Ultra B&W 200Stock 2005-6 min20°C / 68°F
Arista EDU Ultra B&W 400Stock 4007-8 min20°C / 68°F
Arista Premium B&W 400Stock 4006:45 min20°C / 68°F
Arista Premium B&W 4001+1 4009:45 min20°C / 68°F
ars-imago IMAGO 320Stock 3206:30 min20°C / 68°F
ars-imago IMAGO 3201+1 32012 min20°C / 68°F
Bergger Pancro 400Stock 4009 min20°C / 68°F
Bergger Pancro 4001+1 40017 min20°C / 68°F
Bones B&W Film1+2 1001 min20°C / 68°F
Bones B&W Film1+2 4002:30 min20°C / 68°F
Bones B&W Film1+2 8003:30 min20°C / 68°F
Bones B&W Film1+2 16004 min20°C / 68°F
Bones B&W Film1+2 32005 min20°C / 68°F
CFP Kiki Pan 320Stock 1008:45 min20°C / 68°F
CFP Kiki Pan 320Stock 1006:15 min24°C / 75°F
CFP Kiki Pan 3201+1 10017:00 min20°C / 68°F
CFP Kiki Pan 3201+1 10012:00 min24°C / 75°F
Etude Pan 4001+1 40015 min20°C / 68°F
Etude Pan 400Stock 4008:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ferrania Orto 50Stock 508 min20°C / 68°F
Ferrania Orto 50Stock 647 min20°C / 68°F
Ferrania Orto 50Stock 508 min21°C / 70°F
Ferrania Orto 50Stock 648 min21°C / 70°F
Ferrania P30 AlphaStock 807 min20°C / 68°F
Foma Ortho 400Stock 4007-8 min20°C / 68°F
Foma Ortho 400Stock 4002:30 min30°C / 86°F
Fomapan 100Stock 1006-7 min20°C / 68°F
Fomapan 200Stock 2005-6 min20°C / 68°F
Fomapan 400Stock 4007-8 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 100 UniversalStock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 100 Universal1+1 10011:30 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 100 Universal1+3 10021 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 400 UniversalStock 4009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 400 Universal1+1 40014 min20°C / 68°F
Fotoimpex CHM 400 Universal1+3 40028 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 AcrosStock 1007:15 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros1+1 10010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 1008:15 min18°C / 64°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 1007:15 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 1006:15 min22°C / 72°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 1005:15 min24°C / 75°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 1004:15 min26°C / 79°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 20012 min18°C / 64°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 20010 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 2008:15 min22°C / 72°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 2007 min24°C / 75°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros IIStock 2006 min26°C / 79°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros II1+1 10013 min18°C / 64°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros II1+1 10010:15 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros II1+1 1008:45 min22°C / 72°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros II1+1 1007:15 min24°C / 75°F
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros II1+1 1006:15 min26°C / 79°F
Fujifilm Neopan 1600Stock 16007:30 min20°C / 68°F
Fujifilm Neopan 16001+1 16009 min20°C / 68°F
Holga 400Stock 4007-8 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 100Stock 507 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 1001+1 509:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 1001+3 5014 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 100Stock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 1001+1 10012 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 1001+3 10022 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 100Stock 20011 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 1001+1 20014 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 3200Stock 4007:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 3200Stock 8008 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 3200Stock 16009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 3200Stock 320010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 3200Stock 640013 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 400Stock 2007 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 4001+1 20010 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 4001+3 20018 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 400Stock 4009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 4001+1 40014 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 400Stock 80011:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Delta 4001+1 80017:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 PlusStock 506 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+1 509 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+3 5014 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 PlusStock 1258 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+1 12511 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+3 12516 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 PlusStock 2009 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+1 20015 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford FP4 Plus1+3 20020 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 PlusStock 4007:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 Plus1+1 40011 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 Plus1+3 40022 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 PlusStock 8009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 Plus1+1 80013 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford HP5 PlusStock 160012:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F PlusStock 254:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F Plus1+1 256 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F Plus1+3 2512:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F PlusStock 506:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F Plus1+1 508:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford Pan F Plus1+3 5015 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SFX 200Stock 506 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SFX 200Stock 20010 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SFX 200Stock 40012:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SFX 200Stock 80016:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SFX 2001+4 20014:30 min20°C / 68°F
Ilford SP816TStock 40010 min20°C / 68°F
JCH Street Pan 4001+1 40010:50 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 100Stock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 1001+1 10011:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 1001+3 10021 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 400Stock 4009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 4001+1 40014 min20°C / 68°F
Kentmere 4001+3 40028 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak Cosmos 400Stock 4007:30 min18°C / 64°F
Kodak Cosmos 400Stock 4006 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak Cosmos 400Stock 4005:30 min21°C / 70°F
Kodak Cosmos 400Stock 4004:30 min22°C / 72°F
Kodak Plus-X 125Stock 1255:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak Plus-X 1251+1 1258:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max 100Stock 1006:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max 1001+1 1009:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max 400Stock 4008 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max 4001+1 40012:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max P3200Stock 40010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max P3200Stock 80011:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max P3200Stock 160012:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max P3200Stock 320014 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak T-Max P3200Stock 640015:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak TRI-X 400Stock 4006:45 min20°C / 68°F
Kodak TRI-X 4001+1 4009:45 min20°C / 68°F
KONO! Monolith 64Stock 649 min20°C / 68°F
KONO! Rekorder 100-2001+1 1007:30 - 8:10 min20°C / 68°F
KONO! Schwarz-Weiß 100Stock 10012:45 - 13:30 min20°C / 68°F
Kosmo Foto Mono 100Stock 1006-7 min20°C / 68°F
Kosmo Foto Mono 1001+1 1008-10 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Black and White Berlin 400 120Stock 40012 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Earl Grey B&W 100 120Stock 1006 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Earl Grey B&W 100 1201+1 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Earl Grey B&W 100 35mmStock 1006 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Earl Grey B&W 100 35mm1+1 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Lady Grey B&W 400 120Stock 4007:30 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Lady Grey B&W 400 1201+1 40010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Lady Grey B&W 400 35mmStock 4007:30 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Lady Grey B&W 400 35mm1+1 40010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Lomography Orca B&W 100 1101+1 1007 min20°C / 68°F
Lucky SHD 100 New1+1 10012:30 min20°C / 68°F
Maco Cube 400c1+1 40010 min20°C / 68°F
Maco Po 100cStock 1007 min20°C / 68°F
Maco UP 100 plusStock 1008 min20°C / 68°F
Maco UP 400 plusStock 40010 min20°C / 68°F
My Heart Black and White 100Stock 1007:30 min20°C / 68°F
My Heart Black and White 1001+1 10018:30 min20°C / 68°F
Polypan F1+1 10019:30 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei BlackbirdStock 256 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei BlackbirdStock 10010 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei PAUL & REINHOLD 640Stock 6409 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei PAUL & REINHOLD 6401+1 64015:30 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 100Stock 1009 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 1001+1 10013:30 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 100 TonalStock 1007 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 400Stock 40012 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 400SStock 40010:30 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 400S1+1 40024 min19°C / 66°F
Rollei Retro 400S1+1 40011 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 400S1+3 40018 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei Retro 400S1+3 80036 min20°C / 68°F
Rollei RPX 251+1 258 min20°C / 68°F
Shanghai GP3 1001+1 10014 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN1001+1 10012 min22°C / 72°F
Silberra PAN1001+2 10017 min22°C / 72°F
Silberra PAN1601+2 16022 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN160Stock 16014 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN1601+1 16019 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN200Stock 20012 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN2001+1 20016 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra PAN2001+2 20020 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra U2001+1 20012 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra U200Stock 2006 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra U4001+1 40010 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra U400Stock 4007 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA1001+1 10012 min22°C / 72°F
Silberra ULTIMA1001+2 10017 min22°C / 72°F
Silberra ULTIMA1601+2 16022 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA160Stock 16014 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA1601+1 16019 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA200Stock 20012 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA2001+1 20016 min20°C / 68°F
Silberra ULTIMA2001+2 20020 min20°C / 68°F
Washi A 121+1 127 min20°C / 68°F
Washi B 1251+1 1254:30 min20°C / 68°F
Washi D 5001+1 5008:30 min20°C / 68°F
Washi F1+1 10011 min20°C / 68°F
Washi G 801+1 804 min20°C / 68°F
Washi I1+1 804:30 min20°C / 68°F
Washi K 1001+1 1007 min20°C / 68°F
Washi P1+1 10011 min20°C / 68°F
Washi S 501+1 509:30 min20°C / 68°F
Washi V1+1 10011 min20°C / 68°F
Washi Z 400Stock 40010 min20°C / 68°F

Calculation of the development solution
How much development solution do you need?

Write a comment

Deine E-Mail-Adresse wird nicht veröffentlicht. Erforderliche Felder sind mit * markiert