Each film genre distinguishes them somewhat. What should be considered during exposure to get optimal results?
Exposure is one of the most important aspects of film photography. A correctly exposed photo gives the best results – but what is a good exposure and how do you get it? The answer depends on the type of film you use, the light you shoot in and the impression you want to create.
In general, you do not want to underexpose the film. In fact, it’s best to err on the side of overexposure – especially when shooting with color negative film and black-and-white film, as both have a very good exposure latitude. An overexposed image is easier to “save” than an underexposed one. Therefore it is advisable to measure on the mid tones or the shadows.
Black and white films
Black and white films usually have a wide exposure latitude, which means that there are no major problems with overexposure. Exceptions are, of course, special films that are intended to create a special look or something similar. Of course the exposure also depends on the later development.
Generally, if you have a black and white film in the camera, you should not measure for the highlights but for the mid tones or shadows. By this way, one avoids losing details in the dark zones of the image.
Colour negative films
Most color negative films have an even greater exposure latitude. Again, exposure should be measured for midtones or shadows. Depending on the film, it may be desirable to overexpose the film a little bit to achieve a softer look. From a slightly underexposed color negative film, you can usually still get good results.
The advantage of color negative films is the standardised development process. So you can expect consistent results.
Especially in the beginning, when you are not yet so familiar with the exposure settings, it makes sense to photograph with color negative films, as these are the least sensitive to errors.
Slide films
Slide films are much more sensitive when it comes to overexposure. Although you definitely don’t want to underexpose it, you also don’t want to overexpose it too much, as it has less exposure latitude than negative film. It is best to measure for the mid tones and for portraits, on the skin tones. It also helps to photograph in even light and to avoid spotty/contrast light.